The History of the Italian Language

The History of the Italian Language You’re continually hearing that Italian is a sentiment language, and that’s in light of the fact that etymologically, it’s an individual from the Romance gathering of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European group of dialects. It is spoken basically in the Italian promontory, southern Switzerland, San Marino, Sicily, Corsica, northern Sardinia, and on the northeastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, just as in North and South America. Like the other Romance dialects, Italian is an immediate posterity of the Latin verbally expressed by the Romans and forced by them on the people groups under their domain. In any case, Italian is extraordinary in that of all the significant Romance dialects, it holds the nearest likeness to Latin. These days, it’s thought about one language with various lingos. Improvement During the significant stretch of Italian’s advancement, numerous vernaculars jumped up, and the variety of these lingos and their cases upon their local speakers as unadulterated Italian discourse introduced a curious trouble in picking a form that would mirror the social solidarity of the whole landmass. Indeed, even the soonest famous Italian records, created in the tenth century, are colloquial in language, and during the accompanying three centuries Italian essayists wrote in their local lingos, delivering various contending provincial schools of writing. During the fourteenth century, the Tuscan tongue started to rule. This may have happened in light of Tuscany’s focal situation in Italy and due to the forceful business of its most significant city, Florence. In addition, of all the Italian tongues, Tuscan has the best likeness in morphology and phonology from old style Latin, which causes it to fit best with the Italian customs of Latin culture. At last, Florentine culture delivered the three abstract craftsmen who best summed up Italian idea and sentiment of the late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance: Dante, Petrarca, and Boccaccio. The First thirteenth Century Texts In the primary portion of the thirteenth century, Florence was engrossed with the advancement of exchange. At that point intrigue started to expand, particularly under the exuberant impact of Latini. Brunetto Latini (1220-94): Latini was ousted to Paris from 1260 to 1266 and turned into a connection among France and Tuscany. He composed the Trã ¨sor (in French) and the Tesoretto (in Italian) and added to the improvement of figurative and educational verse, alongside a custom of talk whereupon dolce stil nuovo and Divine Comedy were based.The dolce stil nuovo (1270-1310): Although in principle they proceeded with the Provenã §al convention and checked themselves individuals from the Sicilian School of Federico IIs rule, the Florentine scholars headed out in their own direction. They utilized all their insight into science and theory in a fragile and nitty gritty examination of adoration. Among them were Guido Cavalcanti and the youthful Dante.The Chroniclers: These were men of the trader class whose contribution in city undertakings motivated them to compose stories in the foul tongue. A few, for example, Dino Compagni (d. 1324), expounded on nearby clashes and contentions; othe rs, as Giovanni Villani (d. 1348), took on a lot more extensive European occasions as their subject. The Three Jewels in the Crown Dante Alighieri (1265-1321): Dantes Divine Comedy is one of the extraordinary works of world writing, and it was likewise confirmation that in writing the indecent tongue could equal Latin. He had just protected his contention in two incomplete treatises, De vulgari eloquentia and Convivio, yet to demonstrate his point it required the Divine Comedy, this perfect work of art where Italians rediscovered their language in radiant structure (Bruno Migliorini).Petrarch (1304-74): Francesco Petrarca was conceived in Arezzo since his dad was in a state of banishment from Florence. He was an enthusiastic admirer of old Roman progress and one of the extraordinary early Renaissance humanists, making a Republic of Letters. His philological work was profoundly regarded, similar to his interpretations from Latin into the Vulgate, and furthermore his Latin works. However, it’s Petrarchs love verse, written in the indecent tongue, that keeps his name alive today. His Canzoniere had colossal effect on the artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.Boccaccio (1313-75): This was a man from the rising business classes, whose chief work, ​​Decameron, has been portrayed as a traders epic. It comprises of one hundred stories told by characters who are likewise part of a story that gives the setting to the entire, much like The Arabian Nights. The work was to turn into a model for fiction and composition composing. Boccaccio was the first to compose an editorial on Dante, and he was additionally a companion and pupil of Petrarch. Around him accumulated lovers of the new humanism. La Questione Della Lingua The subject of the language, an endeavor to set up semantic standards and classify the language, immersed essayists everything being equal. Grammarians during the fifteenth and the sixteenth hundreds of years endeavored to give upon the elocution, punctuation, and jargon of fourteenth century Tuscan the status of a focal and traditional Italian discourse. In the end, this elegance, which may have made Italian another dead language, was enlarged to remember the natural changes inescapable professionally tongue. In the word references and distributions of the, established in 1583, which was acknowledged by Italians as definitive in Italian etymological issues, bargains between traditional purism and living Tuscan use were effectively affected. The most significant abstract occasion of the sixteenth century didn't occur in Florence. In 1525 the Venetian Pietro Bembo (1470-1547) set out his recommendations (Prose della volgar lingua - 1525) for a normalized language and style: Petrarca and Boccaccio were his models and along these lines turned into the cutting edge works of art. Accordingly, the language of Italian writing is demonstrated on Florence in the fifteenth century. Current Italian It wasn’t until the nineteenth century that the language expressed by taught Tuscans spread far enough to turn into the language of the new country. The unification of Italy in 1861 had a significant effect on the political scene as well as brought about a huge social, monetary, and social change. With compulsory tutoring, the education rate expanded, and numerous speakers deserted their local lingo for the national language.

U.S. Textile Industry Localization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U.S. Material Industry Localization - Essay Example Then again, the industry has experienced significant changes in the area of the industrial facilities because of the globalization of internationals markets and exchange relations just as the development of large scale manufacturing. The interest for textures and array has been development at a high pace since the start of the twentieth century, while attire makers have been trying to recreate their undertakings so as to get higher incomes and more noteworthy yield at lower costs. Consequently, creation limits of numerous U.S. material organizations are presently moved to the creating nations with lower wage rates (as they were prior migrated from North to South of USA). Then again, an extraordinary factor is a move in the conventional creation chain from the crude material maker to the retailer because of logical and innovative advancement. This implies there is not, at this point the requirement for accessibility of the crude materials while considering the creation site confinemen t, for â€Å"agricultural makers are being supplanted by compound organizations who fabricate manufactured strands. Manufactured filaments can be created self-governingly from the spots, where for example cotton is developed, contingent just upon power supplies and making the business progressively divided. Wheeler (1998) states that the quantity of production lines that procedure characteristic strands is, in this way, littler than of those delivering engineered filaments like polyester. Also, the fundamental factor for the cutting edge material industry is †again †nearness of the quick residential market and closeness to the populace.

5 Proofreading Habits You Should Adopt Immediately

5 Proofreading Habits You Should Adopt Immediately In a blog published on his website Career Talk Pro, writer and consultant Brian Hirth lists a collection of some of the worst résumé typos and faulty word choice examples hes seen. However hilarious they might be to read over in retrospect, the job seekers who submitted these words and phrases in their résumés and cover letters likely didnt find the lost opportunity funny.Here are a few of the most egregious mistakes:i am a prefectionist and rarely if if ever forget details.Proven ability to track down and correct erors.Lurnt Word Perfect computor and spreadsheet pogroms.Develop an annual operating expense fudget.In my 3rd year of BA houners English.Received a plague for salesman of the yearMy role included typing in details of accounts, customer liaison and money-laundering duties.Extra Circular ActivitiesAt secondary school I was a prefixIn my spare time I enjoy hiding my horseDear Madman (instead of Madam)My hobbits includeRestaurant skills: Severing customersIm an accurate an d rabid typistObviously, these mistakes would have never made it into the final draft if the writer had proofread correctly, or had someone else look over their résumé and cover letter before submitting it to a potential employer. In cases like these, Im sure it was very clear to the employers that the applicants didnt want the jobs enough to ensure these mistakes were corrected. Such mistakes look unprofessional and carelessâ€"two qualities that employers avoid in employees.Proofreading your work is not only smartâ€"it can make or break your chances of getting a job, earning a promotion, or completing a degree. As with any skill, developing useful habits can help ensure that any content you submit, both professionally and personally, leaves the best impression.Developing useful proofreading habits can help you achieve professional success. Photo by Brooke Lark on Unsplash.Habit #1: Know your tendenciesDo you often confuse your and youre? Or maybe you have a habit of writing run-o n sentences? Keep these tendencies on a list that is easily visible whenever you sit down to write something.All writers have tendencies toward certain grammar mistakes and syntax errors. These are usually corrected the longer someone writes and works to perfect the craft of it. However, especially if you havent had a lot of experience writingâ€"or if youre learning English as a second languageâ€"knowing your tendencies is a good way to ensure adequate proofreading whenever you write.As you develop this habit, include on your list all of the grammar, spelling, or syntax errors you tend to make. Over time, youll begin to notice patterns you can identify as tendencies in your writing, and work to correct them each time you write. Being aware of the type of mistakes you often make is the first step to becoming a better writer (and proofreader).Habit #2: Print it outAfter youve written something, if you have access to a printer, go ahead and print it out. Proofreading your work after pr inting out a hard copy does several things:It allows you to make corrections directly on the paper for a visual understanding of your error tendencies (see habit #1).It gives your eyes a rest while proofreading, after staring at a screen. According to this article by the American Optometric Association, Computer Vision Syndrome, also referred to as Digital Eye Strain, is a vision-related problem that can happen after prolonged computer, tablet, e-reader and cell phone use. According to the article, to help alleviate digital eye strain, follow the 20-20-20 rule; take a 20-second break to view something 20 feet away every 20 minutes.Heres another great reason to print it out:Viewing a computer or digital screen is different than reading a printed page. Often the letters on the computer or handheld device are not as precise or sharply defined, the level of contrast of the letters to the background is reduced, and the presence of glare and reflections on the screen may make viewing diff icult.Viewing distances and angles used for this type of work are also often different from those commonly used for other reading or writing tasks. As a result, the eye focusing and eye movement requirements for digital screen viewing can place additional demands on the visual system.American Optometric AssociationHabit #3: Find a second pair of eyesSpeaking of eyes, even the most seasoned writers know to have someone else look over their work before it is published. Sometimes, you can write a phrase or word so often that it seems correct, even though it isnt. This is why its always important to make the habit of finding a second pair of eyes to look over your writing.Preferably, this other reader should be a professional editor, especially if your content is extremely important for professional or academic pursuits. As a writer and editor, I would never send in an article to a magazine or a query letter to a publication without first having a fellow editor look over it for me. Ther e have often been small details I missed after writing a piece that another editor will catch upon first reading.Another thing that happens is after you focus so intently on writing something, your brain will often fill in words that arent on the printed page, causing you to miss the word entirely. This happens because youre overthinking the sentence or paragraph. Having another person read over your writing is the best way to catch this kind of mistake.If you cant afford to hire a professional editor, at least consider having someone look over your writing for you. This could be a friend, relative, classmate, or professional acquaintance, and could help you catch a missed error you wouldnt have otherwise seen.Find another person to be a second pair of eyes and catch mistakes you might have missed. Photo by Nonsap Visuals on Unsplash.Habit #4: Read out loudReading your work aloud is a great proofreading habit to adopt, particularly because it helps you hear mistakes you might otherw ise miss when only reading it in your head. If a sentence doesnt sound right when read aloud, youll notice it immediately. Its one of the best habits you can adopt to ensure that everything you write is proofread correctly every single time.According to The Write Practice, reading the words aloud is a proofreading technique that will change your life. Not only does this technique help with grammar, such as knowing where punctuation should go by hearing the pauses that happen, it also helps you catch run-on sentences that leave you out of breath after reading. Reading aloud also helps you find holes in your logic or missing information that needs to be included, along with awkward word placement or repetition. Sometimes, its impossible for me to catch repetitive phrasing or words unless I read my writing aloud first. After doing so, the repetition becomes clear.Habit #5: Give it timeAnother important habit to develop for proofreading is to give it time. Preferably, after youve writte n something, you should sleep on it, meaning put it aside to proofread the next day. Many writers have learned over the years that the best time to write or proofread your writing is first thing in the morningâ€"after that first cup of coffee (if caffeine is your thing) and after youve had a restful nights sleep.If you dont have this much time, at least give yourself a few hours between writing the content and proofreading it. Not only will you be able to proofread betterâ€"youll give your brain the time to reset and prepare for the different processes copyediting requires.Heres the science behind why this is a good idea. The way the brain functions while writing (creating) is different than how it works in the proofreading process. Martin Lotze researched what the brain looked like while writing. Using an fMRI while his subjects were writing, he first had 28 writers copy an excerpt. He then had the same subjects write a short story for three minutes.During the actual writing activi ty, the occipital lobe (responsible for visualization) became more active, as the writers were seeing the scene take place in their minds as they wrote. During this creative process, the hippocampus and front of the brain became active, as factual information and plotline were processed. Expert writers used an additional part of their brainâ€"the caudate nucleus, which is the region of the brain that handles automatic functions.In another study, The Science Behind What Writing Does to Your Brain by Erika Rasso, the writer explored research related to how the writing process differs from the copyediting or proofreading process. She notes:Copyediting is an action involving a complex network of different cognitive process to do. The basic building blocks of this complex network are attention and memory… Retrieval from both short-term and long-term memory are required to hold the information the copyeditor is reading in their head and to reference knowledge of grammar, style and other parts of the manuscript.The Science Behind What Writing Does to Your Brain by Erika RassoAs you can see, taking time between the two processes (writing and proofreading) gives your brain the opportunity to switch gears. This is an important step to ensuring youre able to proofread while your brain is at optimal performance.Developing important habits for proofreading will help save you from embarrassing errors and any unprofessional faux pas. Learn them now and youll find that you make fewer errors the more you practice.

Computer Models Show How a Black Hole Eats a Star

Were all fascinated with black holes. We ask astronomers about them, we read about them in the news. and they show up in TV shows and movies.  However, for all our curiosity about these cosmic beasts, we still dont know everything about them. They flout the rules by being hard to study and detect. Astronomers are still figuring out the exact mechanics of how stellar black holes form when massive stars die. All this is made tougher by the fact that we havent seen one up close. Getting near one (if we could) would be very hazardous. No one would survive even a close brush with one of these high-gravity monsters. So, astronomers do what they can to understand them from a distance. They use light (visible, x-ray, radio, and ultraviolet emissions)  that come from the region around the black hole to make some very shrewd deductions about its mass, spin, its jet,  and other characteristics. Then, they feed all this into computer programs designed to model black hole activity.Computer models based on actual observational data of black holes help them to simulate what happens at black holes, particularly when one gobbles something up. What Does a Black Hole ComputerModel Show Us? Lets say that somewhere in the universe, at the  center of a galaxy like our own Milky Way, theres a black hole. Suddenly an intense flash of radiation flares out from the area of the black hole. What has happened? A nearby star has wandered into accretion disk (the disk of material spiraling into the black hole), crossed the event horizon (the gravitational point of no return around a black hole), and is torn apart by the intense gravitational pull. The stellar gases are heated up as the star is shredded  and that flash of radiation is its last communication to the outside world before it is lost forever. The Tell-Tale Radiation Signature Those radiation signatures are important clues to the very existence of a black hole, which does not give off any radiation of its own. All the radiation we see is coming from the objects and material around it. So, astronomers look for the telltale radiation signatures of matter being gobbled up by black holes:  x-rays or radio emissions, since the events that emit them are very energetic.   After studying black holes in distant galaxies, astronomers noticed that some galaxies suddenly brighten up at their cores and then slowly dim down. The characteristics of the light given off and the dim-down time came to be known as signatures of black hole accretion disks eating nearby stars and gas clouds and giving off radiation. It was, as one astronomer said, Like a black hole putting up a sign that said, Here I am!! Data Makethe Model With enough data on these flareups at the hearts of galaxies, astronomers can use supercomputers  to simulate the dynamic forces at work in the region around a supermassive black hole. What theyve found tells us much about how these black holes work and how often they light up their galactic hosts. For example, a galaxy like our Milky Way with its central black hole might gobble up an average of one star every 10,000 years. The flare of radiation from such a feast fades very quickly, so if we miss the show, we might not see it again for quite a long time. But, there are many galaxies, and so astronomers survey as many as possible to look for radiation outbursts. In the coming years, astronomers will be deluged with data from such projects as Pan-STARRS, GALEX, the Palomar Transient Factory, and other upcoming astronomical surveys. There will be  hundreds of events in their data sets  to explore. That should really boost our  understanding of black holes and the stars around them. Computer models will continue to play a large part in delving into the continuing mysteries of these cosmic monsters.

The Ethics of Cadaveric Organs for Transplantation

THE ETHICS OF CADAVERIC ORGANS FOR TRANSPLANTATION The Ethics of Cadaveric Organs for Transplantation Brianne Vought HAS 545.01 Ethics and Health Care Advancements in medicine have allowed for the ability to transplant organs from a cadaver to a living patient. Immunosuppressive drugs have been developed to block the bodily rejection of organs from the deceased making transplantation possible. When an individual dies The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act allows for tissue and organs of the cadaver to be used for transplantation (Garrett, Baillie, amp; Garrett, 2001). This document is a set model or regulations and laws concerning organ donation that all 50 states have passed in some measure. Organs such as the kidneys, heart,†¦show more content†¦In the majority of the religious groups, as long as due respect is shown to the body, cadaver organ transplants are not forbidden (Garrett, Baillie, amp; Garrett, 2001). But in some cultures death is not the end of the soul and that the life of the body can be restored. â€Å"Most families still refuse to donate the organs of their dying relatives† despite all efforts made to increase donations. Harvesting may be thought of as violating the sanctity of the body. Donation may involve â€Å"unwarranted mutilation of the body and so disrespect for the dignity of the human body† (Garrett, Baillie, amp; Garrett, 2001). Individuals are urged to sign an organ donor card with little or no awareness of what that action can mean. How the death is determined may weigh in on the decision to donate. The potential recipient is rarely known, because tissue and compatibility tests must be done. There is always less ethical force in an unnamed potential person that a living identifiable one. The horror stories that make the headlines also deter consent for donation. The few illegal harvesting accusations which are published in newspapers and documented on television deter individuals from donating and allow them to see denial of consent as the barrie r to exploitation and harm. There is also a fear that the organ donor may not actually be dead but declared dead prematurely so that the vital organs can be taken to benefit another human being. The UniformShow MoreRelatedOrgan Donation1787 Words   |  8 PagesOrgan Donation Tanecia Carter HCA 322 Health Care Ethics Medical Law Instructor: Instructor: Susan Vellek August 5, 2013 Organ Donation The process of taking functional organs and tissues from one person for transplantation into another individual is called organ donation. Whereas, any part of the body that performs a different and special function is referred to as an organ. 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Animal Rights Final Research Paper Free Essays

Animal Rights Final Research Paper Franco Pacheco ENGL-135 Prof. Gurin DeVry University December 13, 2012 Animal rights The idea of animal rights is not new. Through the 18th and 19th Century philosophers like Rousseau, Kant, Bentham, and Schopenhauer have produced different arguments in favor of the treatment of animals. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Rights Final Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Animal rights is the idea that nonhuman animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that they should be afforded the same consideration as the similar interests of human beings. All animals are equal in the sense that they all can sense pain and suffering however as far as treating them like humans, I do not think so. Humans have been eating meat for as long as we have been on this earth and there is nothing wrong with that. That does not mean people enjoy killing them for pleasure, their lives are taking for our survival. Eating meat is not wrong as long as we are conscious of their contribution to humankind over the years, providing us with transportation, food, clothing, and companionship. Torturing and killing animals for pleasure is wrong, however, eating their meat moderately for survival is not. By the beginning of the 18th century, writers began to discuss animal feelings of pain and suffering, vivisection, and the cruel treatment of animals raised and slaughtered for food. All animals have the same capacity for suffering, but how we see them differs and that determines what we will tolerate happening to them. Most people are not capable of killing what they eat with their own hands but if is cooked and served; there are no thoughts of how or where it came from. Over 9 billion chickens, pigs, cattle, turkeys, sheep, goats, ducks, and geese are bred, raised, and killed for food annually in America. Today, the breeding of farm animals is dominated by industrialized facilities that maximize profits by treating them as production units and forgetting that they can also feel pain as human do. The abuse of farm animals in factory farms, for example, did not see an influx until the early 19th century, when small family farms and traditional ranching of livestock started to cave under the pressure of larger institutional farming practices. As factory farms became the norm, so, unfortunately did the systematic and prolonged abuse of animals raised for human consumption. Most animals in these facilities are forced to endure physical and psychological abuse for months if not years on end, deprived of the ability to perform behaviors inherent to their species, and housed in overcrowded facilities with insufficient food, water, and natural light. Most are given steroids to enhance growth, and antibiotics to fend off illnesses that are likely to occur in such unsanitary conditions. Their eventual slaughter is often performed in a manner as inhumane as the condition in which they are forced to exist until that day. There are many people working for the improvement of the ways in which animals that are raised for food are handled and slaughtered; most notable is Temple Grandin. She is one of the leading authorities on the design of animal handling facilities, specializing in the humane handling of animals at the point of slaughter in the meat industry. She is credited with having â€Å"done more to improve welfare for animals at the point of slaughter than any human alive. † According to data extrapolated from U. S. Department of Agriculture reports that nearly 10. billion land animals were raised and killed for food in the United States in 2010. This is a 1. 7% rise from the 2009 totals, larger than the 0. 9% increase in US population, meaning that animals killed per-capita increased slightly. Based on January-August 2011 USDA slaughter numbers, it is projected that the number of land animals killed in 2011 will increase an additional 1% from 2010 numbers, rising to approximately 10,266 million animals. Fortunately, due to increased feed prices and sinking domestic demand, Bloomberg. om is speculating that there may be a 5% drop in animals raised for food in 2012! While the number of aquatic animals killed each year is not reported, meticulous calculations by researcher Noam Mohr estimate the number of finfishes killed each year for US consumption to be 13,027 million, and the number of shellfishes to be 40,455 million, resulting in a combined 53,481 million (over 53 billion) aquatic animals who died for American consumption in 2010. Becoming a vegetarian overnight will not stop the purposeful harm done to animals at the hands of human beings. Consequently, I agree that there is a lot that has gone very wrong with most of our meat production, but we are omnivores, and arguing that we are not is not going to get us anywhere. It may be possible to live without meat, but considering that all animals will eventually die, will be a sin not to eat them before other animals do. We feel bad of the killing of the animals we eat, but not bad enough to stop eating them completely. People have their own reasons for becoming vegan and not everyone is concern about the animal’s welfare. Becoming vegan will not stop animal abuse; people are still going to do what they want to do, especially if it involves animal cruelty. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) can do all they can, but you cannot right all the wrongs in the world. The most prominent of the abolitionists is Gary Francione, professor of law and philosophy at Rutgers School of Law-Newark. He argues that focusing on animal welfare may actually worsen the position of animals, because it entrenches the view of them as property, and makes the public more comfortable about using them. I actually hate the way animals are treated and could not find a better way of killing them without making it go through torture. However, I am not switching to become vegan, just because a group of people considers it cruelty. I still love meat, but I treat animals with respect and morality because they are providing the protein my body needs for survival. It is not admissible to cause animal’s unnecessary pain and suffering. I do not believe in the unethical treatment of animals, however I do believe in the ethical use of them. Confinement production of livestock and poultry has generated a major conflict between the meats, dairy, poultry industries, and reformist welfare and abolitionists animal rights group. They condemn and oppose factory farming because they view intensive production as inhumane, being carried out under unnatural conditions and causing suffering for the animal and poultry. Over the past 50 years, animal agriculture has increased from small family farms to large corporate factory farming systems. In these factory-farming systems, their main concern is increasing the profits margins at all costs and the process has devastating consequences for the animals. Farmed animals lead a life of misery from the moment they are born to when they are slaughtered. Every day, everywhere across the globe, millions of these animals are mishandled, kept in confinement, mutilated as part of routine husbandry practices, and deprived of their basic physical and behavioral needs. In September of 1994, The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) designated the National Farm Animals Awareness Week (Guither, pg. 1). They criticized the cruelty of the confinement housing of such animals and they asked consumers to â€Å"shop with compassion. † Bernard E. Rollin an American philosopher and currently a professor of philosophy, animal sciences, and biomedical sciences at Colorado State University urges the food animal producers and animal industry â€Å"not to resist and combat the new ethic f or animals , for they will not win, but rather to appropriate it into their production systems with the help of research that acknowledges and respects the patent truth that animals can both suffer and be happy†(Guither, pg. 9). In the last two decades hundreds of thousands Americans have fight animal rights as part of a new, powerful and controversial social movement. All animal liberationists believe that the individual interests of non-human animals deserve recognition and protection, but the movement can be split into two broad camps. Animal rights advocates, or rights liberationists, believe that these basic interests confer moral rights of some kind on the animals, and/or ought to confer legal rights on them; for example, the work of Philosophers Tom Regan and Peter Singer. They do not believe that animals possess moral rights, but argue, on utilitarian grounds (Utilitarianism in its simplest form advocating that we base moral decisions on the greatest happiness of the greatest number) that, because animals have the ability to suffer, their suffering must be taken into account in any moral philosophy (Isacat, 2008). Dr. David Nibert is a Professor of Sociology at the Wittenberg University in Springfield, Ohio. He teaches Animals Society, Global Change, Social Stratification, Minority Groups, and Law and Society. He is the author of Animal Rights/Human Rights: Entanglements of Oppression and Liberation (Rowman/Littlefield). He conducted a survey among residents of Clark County, Ohio and found that support for animal rights is significantly related to seven of the eleven variables, suggesting the existence of an important link between one’s disposition toward human and nonhuman animals. Five hundred and one residents of Clark County, Ohio, aged eighteen and older, responded to a telephone survey conducted April 16-18, 1993. This survey was designed to examine respondent’s opinions on several social issues. One of the questions was, â€Å"Some people say that animals have rights that people should respect. Would you agree or disagree? † They were also asked eleven questions adapted from the General Social Survey (Wood, 1990). Here are the results of the Nibert’s survey: â€Å"Of the 501 respondents, 246 (49. 1 %) were male and 255 (50. 9%) were female. 81 1 (20. 8%) were less than 30 years of age, 208 (41. 6%) were between 30 and 49 years old, and 184 (36. 8%) were over 50. 76 (15. 2%) had not graduated from high school, 277 (55. 3%) were high school graduates and 143 (29. %) were college graduates. The sample was predominantly white (461 or 92%) and married (334 or 66. 7%). In response to the animal rights question, 373 respondents (74. 5%) agreed, 84 (16. 8%) disagreed, 37 (7. 4%) were undecided and 7 (1. 4%) refused. For purposes of convenience, the respondents who agreed that animals have rights will be referred to as â€Å"animal rights supporters. † Examinati on of demographic variables reveals that age, sex, place of residence and religion were significantly related to support for animal rights. Younger people were more likely to support animal rights than older people, women more than men, and city residents more than those living in more rural areas of the county (Nibert 1994). † To summarize, Animal rights are a matter of personal choice. Every individual has a right to decide how he or she wants to treat others, including other species. Animals have been around on the earth for as long as humans have, if not longer. They play an important role in today’s society whether or not we choose to admit it. To say that animals have rights is only to end the discussion before it starts. Animals will be animals and they will eat one another for the need of survival: that is a natural phenomenon. We can reduce some suffering by eliminating certain practices in certain areas, but this will not solve the problem. As explained above, we cannot humanely raise nine billion animals. Going vegan is the only solution. Also, keep in mind that some meat, eggs and dairy products are misleadingly marketed as â€Å"humane† but offer only marginal improvements over traditional factory farming. These animals are not raised humanely if they are in larger cages, or are taken out of cages only to live in overcrowded barns. And â€Å"humane slaughter† is an oxymoron. References Cavalieri, Paola. (2001) the animal question, why nonhuman animals deserve human rights. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Grillo, Alexander, (August 15, 2012), Five Reasons Why Meat-Eating Cannot Be Considered a ‘Personal Choice’ Free from Harm, Food and Psychology http://freefromharm. org/food-and-psychology/five-reasons-why-meat-eating-cannot-be-considered-a-personal-choice/ Guither, Harold D. (1998) Animal rights, History and scope of a radical social movement. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press Issitt, Micah Newton, Heather (2011), p2-2, 1p – Animals Deserve the Same Rights as Humans. http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy. devry. edu/login. aspx? direct=truedb=pwhAN=26608510site=pov-live Rich, Alex Wagner Geraldine (2011), p1-1, 1p Points of View: Animal Rights: An Overview. http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy. devry. edu/login. aspx? direct=truedb=pwhAN=22827052site=pov-live Thompson, Michael (2012) Why We Have Ethical Obligations to Animals: Animal Welfare and the Common Good more http://wpunj. academia. du/MichaelThompson/Papers/392701/Why_We_Have_Ethical_Obligations_to_Animals_Animal_Welfare_and_the_Common_Good April 12, 2011. American Humane Association hails ‘yes’ vote on humane standards for poultry in Washington http://www. americanhumane. org/animals/animal-welfare-news/american-humane-association-hails-yes-vote. html Report: Number of Animals Killed In US Increases in 2010 http://farmusa. org/statistics11. html Animal Rights and Human Social Issues David A. Nibert, Wittenberg University (1994) http://www. animalsandsociety. org/assets/library/283_s222. pdf How to cite Animal Rights Final Research Paper, Essays

Small Packages free essay sample

In the 1920s, my great grandfather emigrated from Italy and started one of the first accordion businesses in America. The tradition has now been passed to my grandfather. But for me, the tradition has a twist. It starts with a knock on the front door, a signature, and me—an impatient little girl— waiting to see what’s inside. The note attached says, â€Å"Wait until room temperature. Assemble upper and middle joint so they line up in the middle. Attach bell, barrel, and mouthpiece. Put reed on mouthpiece and secure with ligature. Have fun!† Of course, a little girl has no clue what a â€Å"barrel† or â€Å"ligature† is. But with help from mom and dad, the house was far from quiet. Figuring out how to work this musical contraption was troublesomeat times I wanted to give up—being a impatient fifth grader did not help the cause, either. Making sounds, reading the notes, and covering the holes came with time. We will write a custom essay sample on Small Packages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And I spent hours trying to make the thing sound good—and it paid off. Sometimes my grandfather will randomly send me letters with strange accordion accompaniments or the latest musicians digest. I never know what expect when theres mail from grandpa. But I do know that I am grateful for his hard work and dedication to the family business. He is still working—even though he is 75-years-old and retirement is past overdue. But he hasnt quit, because he loves what he does. And one day, I wish to be just like my grandpa, sending the next big knock to my grandchild’s door. Although I havent received a package quite like the first, each note reminds me why I continue to involve myself in music. Every day of the week—yes, every day—I practice, teach, or rehearse. Music enabled me to travel to Europe for five weeks and stay with host families from multiple countries, attend Interlochen Arts Camp, and win in a concerto competition. And somehow I have bala nced my hectic life so I can enjoy the things I love.